iOS NSString 함수 정리.

iOS 프로그래밍을 하는데, 중요한 NSString 클래스의 함수들을 정리합니다.
Developer Library에 있는 내용이지만, 그 중에서 하나씩 가져와서 잘 쓰는 기능에 대해서 정리합니다.

Creating and Initializing Strings

• + string
• – init
• – initWithBytes:length:encoding:
• – initWithBytesNoCopy:length:encoding:freeWhenDone:
• – initWithCharacters:length:
• – initWithCharactersNoCopy:length:freeWhenDone:
• – initWithString:
• – initWithCString:encoding:
• – initWithUTF8String:
• – initWithFormat:
•    : 데이터 포멧으로 문자열을 만듭니다.
• – initWithFormat:arguments:
• – initWithFormat:locale:
• – initWithFormat:locale:arguments:
• – initWithData:encoding:
• + stringWithFormat:
• + localizedStringWithFormat:
• + stringWithCharacters:length:
• + stringWithString:
• + stringWithCString:encoding:
• + stringWithUTF8String:
•     : NSData에서 bytes함수로 읽어서 NSString을 만들 수 있음.
•     : [NSString stringWithUTF8String:[myData bytes]];
• + stringWithCString: Deprecated in OS X v10.4
• + stringWithCString:length: Deprecated in OS X v10.4
• – initWithCString: Deprecated in OS X v10.4
• – initWithCString:length: Deprecated in OS X v10.4
• – initWithCStringNoCopy:length:freeWhenDone: Deprecated in OS X v10.4

Creating and Initializing a String from a File

• + stringWithContentsOfFile:encoding:error:
• – initWithContentsOfFile:encoding:error:
• + stringWithContentsOfFile:usedEncoding:error:
• – initWithContentsOfFile:usedEncoding:error:
• + stringWithContentsOfFile: Deprecated in OS X v10.4
• – initWithContentsOfFile: Deprecated in OS X v10.4

Creating and Initializing a String from an URL

• + stringWithContentsOfURL:encoding:error:
• – initWithContentsOfURL:encoding:error:
• + stringWithContentsOfURL:usedEncoding:error:
• – initWithContentsOfURL:usedEncoding:error:
• + stringWithContentsOfURL: Deprecated in OS X v10.4
• – initWithContentsOfURL: Deprecated in OS X v10.4

Writing to a File or URL

• – writeToFile:atomically:encoding:error:
• – writeToURL:atomically:encoding:error:
• – writeToFile:atomically: Deprecated in OS X v10.4
• – writeToURL:atomically: Deprecated in OS X v10.4

Getting a String’s Length

• – length
• – lengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:
• – maximumLengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:

Getting Characters and Bytes

• – characterAtIndex:
•     : index위치의 문자를 리턴
• – getCharacters:range:
• – getBytes:maxLength:usedLength:encoding:options:range:remainingRange:
• – getCharacters: Deprecated in OS X v10.6

Getting C Strings

• – cStringUsingEncoding:
• – getCString:maxLength:encoding:
• – UTF8String
• – cString Deprecated in OS X v10.4
• – cStringLength Deprecated in OS X v10.4
• – getCString: Deprecated in OS X v10.4
• – getCString:maxLength: Deprecated in OS X v10.4
• – getCString:maxLength:range:remainingRange: Deprecated in OS X v10.4
• – lossyCString Deprecated in OS X v10.4

Combining Strings

• – stringByAppendingFormat:
• – stringByAppendingString:
•     : 두개의 스트링을 합쳐서 새로운 스트링을 만들 때 사용합니다.
•       만약 하나의 스트링에 계속 추가하려면, NSMutableString을 사용하면 됩니다.
• – stringByPaddingToLength:withString:startingAtIndex:

Dividing Strings

• – componentsSeparatedByString:
•    - (NSArray *)componentsSeparatedByString:(NSString *)separator
     : String에서 특정 문자나 문자열로 구분되는 스트링들을 가져올 때 사용합니다.
       @"=" 문자열로 나뉘는 문자열 배열을 받아 올 수 있습니다.
• – componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:
•     : [str stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceCharacterSet]];
• – stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:
• – substringFromIndex:
• – substringWithRange:
• – substringToIndex:

Finding Characters and Substrings

• – rangeOfCharacterFromSet:
• – rangeOfCharacterFromSet:options:
• – rangeOfCharacterFromSet:options:range:
• – rangeOfString:
• – rangeOfString:options:
• – rangeOfString:options:range:
• – rangeOfString:options:range:locale:
• – enumerateLinesUsingBlock:
•   - (void)enumerateLinesUsingBlock:(void (^)(NSString *line, BOOL *stop))block
      : 문자열에 있는 라인별로 블록을 실행합니다. stop에 YES를 입력하면, iteration을 멈추게 됩니다.
        line - 현재 라인의 문자열
        stop - enumeration을 멈추기 위한 BOOL 값, (*stop = YES;)
• – enumerateSubstringsInRange:options:usingBlock:

Replacing Substrings

• – stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:withString:
•   - (NSString *)stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:(NSString *)target withString:(NSString *)replacement
        : 문자열을 찾아서 다른 문자열로 대체합니다.
        Space를 찾아서 제거할 수 있습니다. 
        [string stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" " withString:@""]
  
• – stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:withString:options:range:
• – stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:withString:

Determining Line and Paragraph Ranges

• – getLineStart:end:contentsEnd:forRange:
• – lineRangeForRange:
• – getParagraphStart:end:contentsEnd:forRange:
• – paragraphRangeForRange:

Determining Composed Character Sequences

• – rangeOfComposedCharacterSequenceAtIndex:
• – rangeOfComposedCharacterSequencesForRange:

Converting String Contents Into a Property List

• – propertyList
• – propertyListFromStringsFileFormat

Identifying and Comparing Strings

• – caseInsensitiveCompare:
• – localizedCaseInsensitiveCompare:
• – compare:
• – localizedCompare:
• – compare:options:
• – compare:options:range:
• – compare:options:range:locale:
• – localizedStandardCompare:
• – hasPrefix:
• – hasSuffix:
• – isEqualToString:
• – hash

Folding Strings

• – stringByFoldingWithOptions:locale:

Getting a Shared Prefix

• – commonPrefixWithString:options:

Changing Case

• – capitalizedString
• – capitalizedStringWithLocale:
• – lowercaseString
• – lowercaseStringWithLocale:
• – uppercaseString
• – uppercaseStringWithLocale:

Getting Strings with Mapping

• – decomposedStringWithCanonicalMapping
• – decomposedStringWithCompatibilityMapping
• – precomposedStringWithCanonicalMapping
• – precomposedStringWithCompatibilityMapping

Getting Numeric Values

• – doubleValue
• – floatValue
• – intValue
• – integerValue
• – longLongValue
• – boolValue

Working with Encodings

• + availableStringEncodings
• + defaultCStringEncoding
• + localizedNameOfStringEncoding:
• – canBeConvertedToEncoding:
• – dataUsingEncoding:
• – dataUsingEncoding:allowLossyConversion:
• – description
• – fastestEncoding
• – smallestEncoding

Working with Paths

• + pathWithComponents:
• – pathComponents
• – completePathIntoString:caseSensitive:matchesIntoArray:filterTypes:
• – fileSystemRepresentation
• – getFileSystemRepresentation:maxLength:
• – isAbsolutePath
• – lastPathComponent
• – pathExtension
• – stringByAbbreviatingWithTildeInPath
• – stringByAppendingPathComponent:
• – stringByAppendingPathExtension:
• – stringByDeletingLastPathComponent
• – stringByDeletingPathExtension
• – stringByExpandingTildeInPath
• – stringByResolvingSymlinksInPath
• – stringByStandardizingPath
• – stringsByAppendingPaths:

Working with URLs

• – stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:
• – stringByReplacingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:
• – stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters:
• – stringByRemovingPercentEncoding

Linguistic Tagging and Analysis

• – enumerateLinguisticTagsInRange:scheme:options:orthography:usingBlock:
• – linguisticTagsInRange:scheme:options:orthography:tokenRanges:

위 내용은 Develper Libarary에 있는 내용을 사용하면서, 쓰임새를 정리한 것입니다.